The Shortcut to Improving Your Speech
and Writing
Click here to read first step
Click here to read second step
Last time, we discussed Step Two, which
was: Reference, like dictionaries, encyclopedias, etc. But to spare
you from having to run for a dictionary every time a new word pops
up, you can save a lot of time by getting a handle on Step Three:
3. Roots. The cool thing about
roots, which are word parts, is that they are like master keys. I’ll
explain: When you come across a word you don’t know, you’re
running into a locked door, in a way, right? And when you look up the
definition for that word, you are finding the key that unlocks that
door, and as long as you know that word, the door stays unlocked.
Good, but I’m sure you see this problem coming a couple of blocks
away: there are a lot of doors. All those hundreds of
thousands of words that people use—there are going to be quite a
few we don’t know. Do we memorize tons of definitions? Well, the
good news is that we can—we certainly have already. Heck,
we’ve memorized an astonishing amount by the time we’re toddlers,
haven’t we, and can babble on about an impressive array of topics
and even make up stories.
But the better news is this: Instead of
adding keys to our already huge, clanking janitor’s key ring, we
can borrow the super’s key ring, with the master keys. The master
keys are the roots, together with other word parts. Here is a basic
definition of word parts:
Root: Basic meaning. Sometimes a word consists of just the
root, such as flex or script, but more
often you will see the root appearing with additions, of:
Prefix:
Word part placed in front of the root, for example:
(dis)trust,
(re)work, (mis)spell
More than one
prefix may appear:
(dis)(en)chant,
(in)(con)gruent
Suffix:
Word part placed after the root, for example:
mut(able),
tenta(tive), funda(ment)
More than one
suffix may be used:
beauti(ful)(ly),
vent(ure)(some)
Of course, both
prefixes and suffixes may be used:
(ir)(re)place(able),
(in)nate(ly)
Words that are formed by adding various
prefixes and suffixes are called derivatives. Here are the many
derivatives of the root JECT, “to throw”:
project eject interjection
projected ejected conjecture
projecting ejecting conjectural
projection ejection reject
projectionist ejector rejection
projector interject rejected
projectile interjected
Words can also be formed by putting two
roots together. For example:
thermo (heat) + meter
(measure) = that which measures heat
demo (people) + cracy
(rule) = rule by the people
In my next series of articles, I will
introduce you to a variety of prefixes, suffixes and roots from Greek
and Latin, two of the most influential languages on English. Here are
some Greek prefixes to get you started:
a, an – without - amoral,
atheism, anaerobic
anti, ant –
against - antibiotic, antisocial, antagonist
cata – down - catalyst,
catapult
dia – across, through,
thoroughly - diagonal, diaphanous, diaspora
epi – on, upon - epidermis,
epitaph, epitomize
ec – out, outside - eccentric,
ecstasy, ectomorph
eu – good,
pleasant - eugenics, euphony, euthanasia
hyper – over,
excessive - hyperbole, hyperactive, hypertrophy
hypo – under, less
than - hypodermic, hypothesis, hypoglycemia
para, par –
alongside - parallel, paraphrase, paranormal
peri – around, near - perigee,
periphery, periscope
syn, sym, syl, sys- together,
with - syllable, symposium, syntax, system
If you are unfamiliar with any of the
demonstration words given, you know what to do: Look ‘em up and
write ‘em down!
Here's the next set of roots to learn: https://bucketofuseful.blogspot.com/2026/04/improve-your-vocabulary-roots-part-one.html
Image credit: https://www.pexels.com/photo/brass-colored-keys-333838/